Friday, August 27, 2010

Open Letter Regarding Gainful Employment

I have officiated and witnessed hundreds of students graduating from the for-profit colleges where I have worked. Many of these students were unable to attend traditional colleges, or wanted an education that focused on a real career, from a school held accountable to its completion, placement, and retention rates. (Could you imagine holding public universities accountable for the maximum time frame of their students?) Their education enabled them to graduate with the necessary skills and training to obtain jobs as graphic designers, game designers, interior designers, massage therapists, nutritional therapists, hypnotherapists, IT experts, and film producers.

As a taxpayer, an individual who funds the student loan program, I am appalled at the fearful rhetoric that drives this debate. The recent reports in the media are so poorly researched and presented, that they are clearly only meant to motivate votes, and are in no way intended to represent the real truth.

The ABC undercover investigation of the University of Phoenix was laughable. The way the representative's words were twisted from a simple statement of possibility (if you pass a state's teaching certification, you can teach in that state), to an implied promise (you WILL have a job teaching in that state) is infuriating, and demonstrates the ignorance ABC News assumes of its viewers.

Additionally, expecting anyone to believe the 4 findings, from a study of 15 out of more than 2000 for-profit schools, are generalizable to the whole of for-profit education is insulting, and abusive of the trust citizens are asked to place in the GAO. It is simply poor research method, and deceitful reporting practice. The political intentions behind these reports have become blatantly obvious. Land-grant universities are desperate for the enrollments moving over to for-profit colleges. And, because they cannot measure up to the standards for-profit education is held to, they must resort to political maneuvering and transfer credit discrimination.

In reality, by publishing that report, and allowing the media to misconstrue its contents and results, the GAO is doing more of a disservice to students than the supposed, profit-mongering organizations it is attempting to discredit.

The Department of Education`s proposed gainful employment rule would deny thousands of students the opportunity to use the federal financial aid – to which they are entitled – and to pursue their dreams and happiness in the field of their choice.

More importantly, it denies those students hope for a better future; for a chance to break free from where they are and build better lives for themselves and their families. It is true many of these students are the first student in generations to attend college. It is true many for-profit colleges follow open enrollment policies. But I beg you to consider the following perspective. We want EVERYONE to have an opportunity at improving their lives - unrestricted by their past challenges; undeniable by standardized testing that discounts the strengths of their unique backgrounds in favor of a singular vision of student success. We want everyone to have the opportunity to find and live their version of the American dream. And for MANY of these students, traditional universities are too inflexible, regimented, and archaic in their methodologies to nurture their dreams into a reality, and support the personal transformation these students so desperately seek.

Do not finalize this proposed rule. The Department of Education’s proposal to define gainful employment through complicated debt-to-earnings ratios and repayment rates will have a negative impact on thousands of students by limiting their ability to achieve their dreams at the school of their choice, in the program of their choice, and in the method of their choice.

Sincerely,

Brad

Saturday, December 05, 2009

AECT Bi-Annual Research Symposium

"The 3rd bi-annual Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT) Research Symposium is soliciting research-supported papers concerning the next generation of distance education for presentation, debate, discussion, and future publication in a book by Springer Press. Ideally, the symposium will bring together scholars, theorists, researchers, and other creative thinkers for an intimate conversation about their research into the next generation of distance education and the principles that should guide effective practice and research as we advance toward to a new learning landscape unconstrained by time and space."

Please, take a moment to visit their website's invitation for presenters: http://www.aect.org/events/symposia/call/

Friday, August 21, 2009

Follow up to USDOE Report

In June, I wrote a post about the Department of Education’s Evaluation of Evidence-Based Practices in Online Learning: A Meta-Analysis and Review of Online Learning Studies (2009). In that post, I reported the main findings listed in the press release, but had not fully evaluated the report. I took this opportunity to do so. The report has a lot to offer, so bear with me here!

The report outlines the following four purposes (U.S. Department of, 2009, p. xi):
1. How does the effectiveness of online learning compare with that of face-to-face instruction?
2. Does supplementing face-to-face instruction with online instruction enhance learning?
3. What practices are associated with more effective online learning?
4. What conditions influence the effectiveness of online learning?
It is a quantitative meta-analysis of existing empirical studies, contrasting the effectiveness of online, blended, and face-to-face learning. A process of research followed by thorough screening, coding, and full-text analysis yielded 51 studies for evaluation. The screening process looked for reports that (a) compared the modalities in question, (b) focused on learning outcomes, (c) demonstrated strong research methods and design, and (d) gave enough data to evaluate impact. Additionally, to control for inappropriate influence, they weighted studies based on their sample size before combining results during the data analysis. They also tested for homogeneity, moderator variables, practice variables, condition variables, and methods variables.

The results demonstrated the following:
  1. Blended (online and face-to-face) learning maintained the strongest learning outcome advantage, followed by online only, and then face-to-face. However, this is not directly due to the delivery medium, but has more to do with increased time on task, greater accessibility to resources, and overall pedagogical differences evident in blended and online learning.
  2. There is no significant difference in outcomes when comparing blended and online only mediums.
  3. Overall, studies found no significant difference between instructional methodologies that included multiple media (video, audio, PowerPoint, etc…), and those that did not.
  4. However, some advantage is present when students have some control over how they interact with media. For example, can students pause or chapter-jump a video or narrated PowerPoint, or are they required to watch them completely and linearly.
  5. Research regarding the effectiveness of including quizzing in online learning is inconclusive.
  6. Including simulations slightly increases students’ outcomes.
  7. Including tools or assignments requiring students to reflect on their learning is the most effective method for improving student learning outcomes.
  8. Online learning is an equally effective choice for undergraduates, graduates, and professionals throughout a large variety of studies. However, it is not as effective for K-12. (Although available studies in this area were limited.)
  9. Learning platforms combining asynchronous and synchronous methods seemed more effective than platforms with only one of these.
For online higher education, these results are encouraging. And, I am happy the effectiveness of online learning is unconstrained by the medium, and relies more on how it us utilized by educators. This is reminiscent of Gardner’s (2003) plea to ensure technology serves education, instead of the reverse.

Most significant to the development of our global society, is the overwhelming effectiveness of self-reflection, self-monitoring, and the concepts of transformational learning (Palloff & Pratt, 2007). This seems to fall in line with Goleman’s emotional intelligence (O’Neil, 1996), and Pink’s (2005) (video)arguments for the coming of a conceptual age. However, it does seem to decry connectivist (Siemens, 2008) theories in favor of constructivism or cognitivism.

Combining the above, with the reports’ call to “redesign instruction to incorporate additional learning opportunities” (U.S. Department of, 2009, p. 51), should lead to:
  1. An increased focus on transformational and reflective learning
  2. A stronger awareness of emotional intelligence
  3. Organic course designs including (a) more learner controlled media, (b) student choice of assessment methods, (c) less traditional quizzing, and (d) combined synchronous and asynchronous methods.
  4. An increase in hybrid or blended courses
  5. Additional research studies focused on filling the “[lack] a coherent body of linked studies that systematically test theory-based approaches in different contexts” (U.S. Department of, 2009, p. 49).


References
Gardner, H. (2003, April 21). Multiple intelligences after 20 years. Paper presented to the American Educational Research Association, Chicago, IL. Retrieved July 29, 2009 from [ http://www.pz.harvard.edu/PIs/HG_MI_after_20_years.pdf ]http://www.pz.harvard.edu/PIs/HG_MI_after_20_years.pdf

O'Neil, J. (1996). On emotional intelligence: A conversation with Daniel Goleman. Educational Leadership, 54(1), 6 - 11.

Pink, D. (2005, February). Wired 13.02: Revenge of the Right Brain. Wired. Retrieved August 1, 2009, from [ http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/13.02/brain.html?pg=2&topic=brain&topic_set= ]http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/13.02/brain.html?pg=2&topic=brain&topic_set=.

Palloff, R., & Pratt, K. (2007). Building online learning communities: Effective strategies for the virtual classroom. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Siemens, G. (2008, January 27). Learning and knowing in networks: Changing roles for educator and designers [Paper presented to ITFORUM]. Retrieved June 3, 2009, from [ http://it.coe.uga.edu/itforum/Paper105/Siemens.pdf ]http://it.coe.uga.edu/itforum/Paper105/Siemens.pdf

U.S. Department of education. (2009, May). Evaluation of evidence-based practices in online learning: A meta-analysis and review of online learning studies. In B. Means, Y. Toyama, R. Murphy, M. Bakia, & K. Jones (Eds.), Office of planning, evaluation, and policy development (No. ED-04-CO-0040). Retrieved June 26, 2009, from U.S. Department of Education Web site: [ http://www.ed.gov/rschstat/eval/tech/evidence-based-practices/finalreport.pdf ]http://www.ed.gov/rschstat/eval/tech/evidence-based-practices/finalreport.pdf